There is no possibility that John Milton could have perceived the world humanity inhabits today, much less the United States; however, Milton’s transcendent masterpiece of prose, Areopagitica, addresses not only censorship of good books in his day, but still speaks into what to do about today’s threats of censorship. As one of the keystone contributors to human literature, what Milton has to say sheds meaningful light on the questions and concerns of book banning, burning, and censorship in the United States and the questions surrounding its justification.
Amazon recently was caught in the act of virtual book burning; this should worry anyone who desires to promote the free range of knowledge to be offered in books, especially when it is carried out by one of the world’s largest companies and distributors of books. Milton’s case for the danger of silencing voices is that individuals are perfectly capable of sifting through the reasonable voices and the miscellaneous banter: “. . . this doubtless is more wholesome, more prudent, and more Christian, that many be tolerated, rather than all compelled” (747). Even if there are books published that some people may find repulsive or consider trash, Milton pleads that no voice be silenced and to let the people decide what is worthy to be read and what isn’t; no voice should be silenced wholly.
Only months ago as well, CNN reported the banning of six particular Dr. Seuss books. These books will no longer be printed over concerns of portraying people in harmful ways. It should also be of concern to people that perhaps the world’s most famous creative mind, Dr. Seuss, has books being deemed no longer acceptable to be published. Milton brings up a point in his day that still stands in our current time: “…whenas debtors and delinquents may walk abroad without a keeper, but unoffensive books must not stir forth without a visible jailor in their title” (737). Silencing creative minds does not fix anything; it just hides the issues. It is dangerous to ban the publishing of creative minds, especially those long dead like Dr. Seuss, who now belong to history.
Book banning in the US also destroys knowledge and diversity; many classics have already been banned in certain states, and many LGBTQ books are banned frequently. Milton yet again speaks to this modern day phenomena: “. . . there is no reason that we should deprive a wise man of any advantage to his wisdom, while we seek to restrain from a fool that which being restrained will be no hinderance to his folly . . . a wise man will make better use of an idle pamphlet than a fool will do of sacred scripture” (730 & 731), for “. . . he who destroys a good book, kills reason itself, kills the image of God, as it were, in the eye” (720). Knowledge and diversity move the world forward, so it is therefore dangerous to hinder that progress.
A “Ministry of Truth” in the United States? This form of autocracy is almost comical for a nation like ours. If the US were to ever fall to this extreme, Milton speaks of the foolishness of this kind of system: “. . . that none must be heard but whom they [the government] like, is the worst and newest opinion of all others; and is the chief cause why sects and schisms do so much abound . . . ” (748). A nation is fallen when the free range of knowledge and ideas in books is limited by what a government desires.
It is important to remember Milton’s words that “[w]here there is much desire to learn, there of necessity will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion is in good men is but knowledge in the making” (743), and that instead of banning books, we should have “[a] little generous prudence, a little forbearance of one another, and some grain of charity might win all these diligences to join and unite into one general and brotherly search after truth . . . ” (744). This is how society will progress in the United States.
Works Cited
Milton, John. John Milton Complete Poems and Major Prose. Edited by Merritt Hughes. The Odyssey Press, 1957.
Matthew Karshna
Student Representative, Southern Region, 2021-2022
Alpha Alpha Omega Chapter
University of Georgia, Athens, GA
2021 Banned Books Week Social Media Contest
In celebration of Banned Books Week Sigma Tau Delta and National English Honor Society are teaming up to host the sixth annual Banned Books Week social media contest. To participate you must tag us in a post on any of the following social media accounts:
- NEHS Facebook
- NEHS Twitter (@NEHSXpress)
- Sigma Tau Delta Facebook
- Sigma Tau Delta Twitter (@EnglishCon)
- Instagram (@EnglishMatters)
- or snap us at englishmatters on Snapchat
What to do in your post:
Books are banned for a variety of reasons. Take your own original photo of your favorite banned book and share with us (on one social media platform) one of the reasons it has been contested. If you wish to post on a second platform, please choose a second banned book to post about.
The contest will run from Sunday, September 26-Saturday, October 2. Everyone who participates during this time frame will be entered in a drawing to win one of three $25 Amazon gift cards. A $45 Amazon gift card also will be awarded for the best overall post. Select submissions will be shared across our social media platforms.
Resources
George Orwell and Recent Censorship
Don’t Burn the Books
How Old is Holden Caulfield?: Censoring a Teenage Narrator in an Adult Book from Teenage Eyes
Why Books Depicting Violence are Important
Banned Books: Stand Up for What Moves You
Banned Books: Symbols of Positive Ideological Shifts
What Intellectual Freedom Is—And Why and How We Ought to Preserve It
While book banning is a major concern as of late, it’s rather concerning you chose to focus on books that motivate the recent wave of banning q**** books rather than the q**** books themselves. Those 6 Dr. Seuss books were not “banned,” rather Dr. Seuss’s company chose to take them out of print because of racist caricatures. The phrase “virtual book burning” is an exaggeration used by a transphobic author mad that his book that frames transgender people as mentally ill & delusional was taken down by Amazon for hate speech and malicious misinformation. Using the phrase “Ministry of Truth” is quite ironic considering the site you link is Russia Today news, which funnels propaganda pushed by the Russian government, known for censorship and media blackouts. The Biden administration is not the one banning books, it’s Republican-controlled local and state legislatures.
Rather reprehensible that Sigma Tau Delta publishes this article that utilizes asinine right-wing fearmongering to misdirect the backlash against the wave of book bannings to defend hate speech and not the actual books being banned.
I agree with this completely. We are in an unfortunate and destructive time where censorship is escalating and it’s already gone too far with Generation Z wanting to “expose” everything in a negative light and deplatform people for things taken out of context. Dr. Seuss’s books have been interpreted through a filtered perspective. Not everything is an -ism, or has to be “called out” for this or that but it seems that people are unwilling to accept that due to a new cultural bloodlust for cancellation and purity policing. The attitude is no different than the persecution of women in the Salem Witch Trials. All one has to do is accuse another of xyz and suddenly their work is condemned, and that is dangerous to intellect and history. There is a war on our freedom of speech, and book banning is a tragic violation as well as a destruction of art. Not everyone will agree with certain ideas, and if they don’t like it, they should be able to conduct themselves with maturity and take responsibility for their own content consumption instead of punishing others.